While the incidence of shigellosis has decreased in developed nations due to improved living conditions and healthcare systems, it remains prevalent in economically developing regions. In recent years, a resurgence of shigellosis has been observed in the United States, Europe, and Taiwan, primarily among men having sex with men and people living with human immunodeficiency virus, along with a rise in antimicrobial resistance. This study aims to review the historical epidemiological trends and drug resistance in shigellosis, with a focus on Taiwan. A comprehensive search was conducted using various databases and sources, including non-English literature in Japanese and Chinese. In developed countries, Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri are the most common species, while Shigella dysenteriae infections are sporadic. In Taiwan, the classification and prevalence of Shigella species have evolved over time, with S. flexneri and S. sonnei being the predominant strains. Fluoroquinolone resistance and azithromycin non -susceptibility are the ongoing threat. In conclusion, shigellosis remains a significant global health concern, with recent increases in certain populations and antimicrobial resistance. Further research is necessary to understand the clinical significance and risk factors associated with asymptomatic carriers and to assess the impact of behavioral modifications and interventions in high -risk populations. Copyright
[1]Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Inst Clin Med, Tainan, Taiwan.
[2]Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Natl Cheng Kung Univ Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Tainan, Taiwan.
[3]Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Natl Cheng Kung Univ Hosp, Coll Med, Dou Liou Branch,Dept Internal Med, Tainan 70403, Taiwan.
[4]Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Med, Tainan, Taiwan.
[5]Ctr Dis Control, Ctr Diag & Vaccine Dev, Taipei, Taiwan.
[6]Univ Tsukuba, Fac Med, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[7]Natl Cheng Kung Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Tainan, Taiwan.
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