Background Zoonotic schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma japonicum, is prevalent in China, the Philippines and Indonesia. Rapid point-of-care (POC) diagnostics are attractive and promising tools for evaluating the efficacy of intervention strategies for schistosomiasis control. Methodology The diagnostic potential of five recombinant antigens was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using sera from individuals with positive Kato-Katz (KK) results for S. japonicum (n = 28) and non-endemic controls (n = 12). A latex microsphere (LM)-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) incorporating the recombinant SjSAP4 (rSjSAP4) was developed for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica. The test conditions including diluent, dilution factor and reaction time, were optimised for the developed LFIA. Under the optimised conditions, serum samples from individuals living in a barangay endemic for S. japonicum (n = 549) and non-endemic controls (n = 50) were tested with the established LFIA cassettes. The results were imaged by a smartphone and analysed by the ImageJ program. The intensity ratio of the test line to the control line (T/C ratio) was calculated for each cassette. Main findings ELISA confirmed that rSjSAP4 was the optimal candidate for serological diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica. Under optimal testing conditions, the developed LFIA strips had a sensitivity of 80.6% and a specificity of 98.0% at a cut-off T/C ratio of 0.1031. Moreover, the results of the LM-based LFIA was positively correlated with those obtained from the rSjSAP4-ELISA (r = 0.8270, 95% CI, 0.7990-0.8514; p < 0.0001). The schistosomiasis prevalence determined by the LFIA strips was about 1.8 times greater than that obtained with the 6-slide KK procedure performed on three stool samples. Conclusions/Significance The developed LFIA represents a POC diagnostic tool that is suitable for onsite screening of human S. japonicum infection with minimal equipment needed. The established immunochromatographic assay complies with most of the WHO''s ASSURED criteria for POC diagnostics.
[1]QIMR Berghofer Med Res Inst, Mol Parasitol Lab, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
[2]Univ Queensland, Fac Med, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
[3]Res Inst Trop Med, Dept Hlth, Manila, Philippines.
[4]QIMR Berghofer Med Res Inst, Populat Hlth Program, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
[5]Australian Natl Univ, Natl Ctr Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Dept Appl Epidemiol, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
[6]Med Biotech Labs, Dept Immunol & Parasitol, Kampala, Uganda.
[7]Minist Hlth, Vector Borne & Neglected Trop Dis Control Div, Kampala, Uganda.
[8]Asahikawa Med Univ, Asahikawa, Japan.
[9]Niigata Univ Pharm & Med & Life Sci, Fac Med Technol, Div Global Environm Parasitol, Niigata, Japan.
[10]Niigata Univ, Grad Sch Hlth Sci, Niigata, Japan.
[11]Univ Queensland, Sch Biomed Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
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